Enhancing resonant circular-section haloscopes for dark matter axion detection: approaches and limitations in volume expansion

TL;DR

This paper investigates methods to increase the volume of cylindrical haloscopes for dark matter axion detection, exploring single and multicavity designs, and demonstrating significant volume enhancements through various geometrical configurations.

Contribution

It introduces novel strategies for volume expansion in cylindrical haloscopes, including 1D, 2D, and 3D multicavity arrangements, with experimental prototypes showing promising improvements.

Findings

Single cavity design achieves 1000x volume increase over standard waveguides.

Multicavity configurations are feasible within magnet constraints.

Various geometries can significantly enhance haloscope volume.

Abstract

Haloscopes, microwave resonant cavities utilized in detecting dark matter axions within powerful static magnetic fields, are pivotal in modern astrophysical research. This paper delves into the realm of cylindrical geometries, investigating techniques to augment volume and enhance compatibility with dipole or solenoid magnets. The study explores volume constraints in two categories of haloscope designs: those reliant on single cavities and those employing multicavities. In both categories, strategies to increase the expanse of elongated structures are elucidated. For multicavities, the optimization of space within magnets is explored through 1D configurations. Three subcavity stacking approaches are investigated, while the foray into 2D and 3D geometries lays the groundwork for future topological developments. The results underscore the efficacy of these methods, revealing substantial room for progress in cylindrical haloscope design. Notably, an elongated single cavity design attains a three-order magnitude increase in volume compared to a WC-109 standard waveguide-based single cavity. Diverse prototypes featuring single cavities, 1D, 2D, and 3D multicavities highlight the feasibility of leveraging these geometries to magnify the volume of tangible haloscope implementations.