Experimental hierarchy of the nonclassicality of single-qubit states via potentials for entanglement, steering, and Bell nonlocality

TL;DR

This paper explores the hierarchy of nonclassicality in single-qubit states by experimentally analyzing entanglement, steering, and Bell nonlocality potentials using polarization-encoded photons, expanding the understanding of quantum correlations.

Contribution

It generalizes entanglement potentials to include steering and Bell nonlocality, and demonstrates an experimental method using polarization-encoded photons for studying these nonclassicality potentials.

Findings

Established a hierarchy of nonclassicality potentials.

Developed an experimentally convenient polarization encoding technique.

Validated the approach with tailored single-photon states.

Abstract

Entanglement potentials are a promising way to quantify the nonclassicality of single-mode states. They are defined by the amount of entanglement (expressed by, e.g., the Wootters concurrence) obtained after mixing the examined single-mode state with a purely classical state; such as the vacuum or a coherent state. We generalize the idea of entanglement potentials to other quantum correlations: the EPR steering and Bell nonlocality, thus enabling us to study mutual hierarchies of these nonclassicality potentials. Instead of the usual vacuum and one-photon superposition states, we experimentally test this concept using specially tailored polarization-encoded single-photon states. One polarization encodes a given nonclassical single-mode state, while the other serves as the vacuum place-holder. This technique proves to be experimentally more convenient in comparison to the vacuum and a one-photon superposition as it does not require the vacuum detection.