Some Approaches to the Energy-Loss Straggling Calculation

TL;DR

This paper compares various exact and approximate methods for calculating energy-loss straggling, demonstrating improved accuracy of modified approaches over conventional methods through intercomparisons and proposed new variants.

Contribution

The authors adapt and modify existing correction methods for Bethe stopping formula to improve the calculation of energy loss straggling, introducing new modified approaches with higher accuracy.

Findings

Excellent agreement between the modified exact method and Lindhard-Sorensen method at moderate energies.

Modified LQZ methods outperform the conventional LQZ method in accuracy.

Proposed shortened LQZ methods offer practical alternatives for ELS calculations.

Abstract

Some exact and approximate methods commonly used to calculate corrections to the Bethe stopping formula are modified and adapted by the authors to the calculation of the energy loss straggling. An intercomparison is carried out for results of approaches developed in the present work. An excellent agreement obtained between the results for ELS, calculated with an exact method previously proposed by one of the authors and the results of the Lindhard-Sorensen method for moderate relativistic energies. It is shown that some modified by authors approximate methods for the ELS calculating have the higher accuracy than the conventional approximate method of Lijian-Qing-Zhengming. So, in all the cases considered, the accuracy of the twice modified LQZ method in the ELS calculations is higher than the accuracy of the usual LQZ method. A thrice modified LQZ method was also suggested in this work. A number of shortened LQZ methods for the ELS calculating have been proposed and developed too.