Emergence of fractal cosmic space from fractional quantum gravity

TL;DR

This paper develops fractional-fractal cosmological equations based on Padmanabhan's theory, supporting the emergent universe paradigm and suggesting a universe model without dark matter, aligning with horizon thermodynamics and fractional quantum gravity.

Contribution

It introduces fractional-fractal Friedmann and Raychaudhuri equations and links emergent space to fractional quantum gravity, challenging the necessity of dark matter in cosmology.

Findings

Supports emergent universe paradigm with fractal horizon models

Justifies standard cosmology without dark matter

Connects horizon thermodynamics to fractional quantum gravity

Abstract

Based on Padmanabhan's theory, the spatial expansion of the Universe can be explained by the emergence of space as cosmic time progresses. To further explore this idea, we have developed fractional-fractal Friedmann and Raychaudhuri equations for an isotropic and homogeneous universe. Our analysis has also delved into how Padmanabhan's concept fits into the framework of fractional quantum gravity. Our research shows that a fractal horizon model strongly supports the validity of the emerging Universe paradigm and its connection to horizon thermodynamics. This study indicates early how the emergent gravity perspective might manifest in quantum gravity. By utilizing the fractional-fractal Friedmann and Raychaudhuri equations, we have established that the mainstream cosmology model can be justified without a dark matter component. As a result, the standard $\Lambda$CDM model has been reduced to $\Lambda$-Cold Baryonic Matter, which has significant implications for our understanding of the Universe.