Ring-shaped quantum droplets with hidden vorticity in a radially-periodic potential

TL;DR

This paper investigates the formation, stability, and properties of ring-shaped quantum droplets with hidden vorticity in binary Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in a radially-periodic potential, revealing stable multiring configurations and potential data storage applications.

Contribution

It introduces the creation and analysis of stable ring-shaped quantum droplets with hidden vorticity in a radially-periodic potential, including multiring patterns with opposite winding numbers.

Findings

High-winding-number ring-shaped QDs are stable in circular troughs.

Nested multiring states with opposite WNs are stably formed.

Coexisting rings with different WNs suggest BEC-based data storage potential.

Abstract

We study the stability and characteristics of two-dimensional (2D) circular quantum droplets (QDs) with embedded hidden vorticity (HV), i.e., opposite angular momenta in two components, formed by binary Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) trapped in a radially-periodic potential. The system is modeled by the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equations with the Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) terms, which represent the higher-order self-repulsion induced by quantum fluctuations around the meanfield state, and a potential which is a periodic function of the radial coordinate. Ring-shaped QDs with high winding numbers (WNs) of the HV type, which are trapped in particular circular troughs of the radial potential, are produced by means of the imaginary-time-integration method. Effects of the depth and period of the potential on these QD states are studied. The trapping capacity of individual circular troughs is identified. Stable compound states in the form of nested multiring patterns are constructed too, including ones with WNs of opposite signs. The stably coexisting ringshaped QDs with different WNs can be used for the design of BEC-based data-storage schemes.