Battery-Electric Powertrain System Design for the HorizonUAM Multirotor Air Taxi Concept

TL;DR

This paper presents a structured design approach for a safe, reliable, all-electric multirotor eVTOL powertrain system, validated through simulations and safety assessments, to meet aviation safety standards.

Contribution

It introduces a novel conceptual propulsion system architecture design method for electric urban air mobility vehicles, emphasizing safety, reliability, and compliance with EASA standards.

Findings

Pure quadcopter design meets EASA reliability standards.

Adding push propellers enhances system reliability.

Simulations confirm the architecture's capability to meet operational requirements.

Abstract

The work presented herein has been conducted within the DLR internal research project HorizonUAM, which encompasses research within numerous areas related to urban air mobility. One of the project goals was to develop a safe and certifiable onboard system concept. This paper aims to present the conceptual propulsion system architecture design for an all-electric battery-powered multirotor electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) vehicle. Therefore, a conceptual design method was developed that provides a structured approach for designing the safe multirotor propulsion architecture. Based on the concept of operation the powertrain system was initially predefined, iteratively refined based on the safety assessment and validated through component sizing and simulations. The analysis was conducted within three system groups that were developed in parallel: the drivetrain, the energy supply and the thermal management system. The design process indicated that a pure quadcopter propulsion system can merely be designed reasonably for meeting the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) reliability specifications. By adding two push propellers and implementing numerous safety as well as passivation measures the reliability specifications defined by EASA could finally be fulfilled. The subsequent system simulations also verified that the system architecture is capable of meeting the requirements of the vehicle concept of operations. However, further work is required to extend the safety analysis to additional system components as the thermal management system or the battery management system and to reduce propulsion system weight.