Optical interferometer using two-mode squeezed light for enhanced chip-integrated quantum metrology

TL;DR

This paper explores the integration of two-mode squeezed light into chip-scale interferometers to enhance quantum metrology performance, demonstrating potential for significant improvements in miniaturized sensors despite realistic losses.

Contribution

It presents a detailed analysis of using micro-ring resonators for on-chip two-mode squeezed light generation and its application in quantum interferometry, highlighting the potential for compact, high-performance sensors.

Findings

Quantum enhancement up to a factor of ten with squeezed light

Effective on-chip generation using micro-ring resonators

Suitability for small, low-loss quantum sensors

Abstract

This work discusses the possibility of using two-mode squeezed light to improve the performance of existing sensor technology with the focus on its miniaturization under realistic losses. Therefore, we analyze a system consisting of a part for the two-mode squeezed light generation, a sensor region and a detection stage. Based on a general four-wave mixing (FWM) Hamiltonian caused by the third order susceptibility, we formulate linearized equations that describe the FWM process below the threshold and are used to analyze the squeezing quality between the generated optical signal and idler modes. For a possible realization, the focus is set on the chip-integrated generation using micro-ring resonators. To do so, the impact of the design and the pump light are considered in the derived equations. These equations are used to analyze the usage of two-mode squeezed light in quantum metrology and the application in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Due to the impact of losses in realistic use cases, we show that the main usage is for small and compact devices, which can lead to a quantum improvement up to a factor of ten in comparison of using coherent light only. This enables the use of small squeezing-enhanced sensors with a performance comparable to larger classical sensors.