Adaptive questionnaires for facilitating patient data entry in clinical decision support systems: Methods and application to STOPP/START v2

TL;DR

This paper introduces an adaptive questionnaire method that dynamically simplifies patient data entry in clinical decision support systems, demonstrated on STOPP/START v2, significantly reducing data entry burden and improving usability.

Contribution

The authors developed a novel adaptive questionnaire approach that dynamically adjusts questions based on clinical rules, enhancing data entry efficiency in decision support systems.

Findings

Reduced questionnaire length by about two thirds.

Clinicians found the adaptive questionnaire easy to use.

Applicable to other clinical guidelines and patient data entry.

Abstract

Clinical decision support systems are software tools that help clinicians to make medical decisions. However, their acceptance by clinicians is usually rather low. A known problem is that they often require clinicians to manually enter lots of patient data, which is long and tedious. Existing solutions, such as the automatic data extraction from electronic health record, are not fully satisfying, because of low data quality and availability. In practice, many systems still include long questionnaire for data entry. In this paper, we propose an original solution to simplify patient data entry, using an adaptive questionnaire, i.e. a questionnaire that evolves during user interaction, showing or hiding questions dynamically. Considering a rule-based decision support systems, we designed methods for translating the system's clinical rules into display rules that determine the items to show in the questionnaire, and methods for determining the optimal order of priority among the items in the questionnaire. We applied this approach to a decision support system implementing STOPP/START v2, a guideline for managing polypharmacy. We show that it permits reducing by about two thirds the number of clinical conditions displayed in the questionnaire. Presented to clinicians during focus group sessions, the adaptive questionnaire was found "pretty easy to use". In the future, this approach could be applied to other guidelines, and adapted for data entry by patients.