How (Not) to Understand Weak Measurements of Velocities

TL;DR

This paper critically examines weak measurements of velocity in quantum mechanics, concluding they do not provide empirical support for de Broglie-Bohm theory and can be interpreted within standard quantum mechanics without assuming particle trajectories.

Contribution

It clarifies that weak velocity measurements do not serve as evidence for de Broglie-Bohm theory and can be understood without assuming hidden variables or particle trajectories.

Findings

Weak velocity measurements do not empirically support de Broglie-Bohm theory.

Such measurements can be interpreted within standard quantum mechanics.

They require presupposing de Broglie-Bohm theory for their reliability.

Abstract

To-date, the most elaborated attempt to complete quantum mechanics by the addition of hidden variables is the de Broglie-Bohm (pilot wave) theory (dBBT). It endows particles with definite positions at all times. Their evolution is governed by a deterministic dynamics. By construction, however, the individual particle trajectories generically defy detectability in principle. Of late, this lore might seem to have been called into question in light of so-called weak measurements. Due to their characteristic weak coupling between the measurement device and the system under study, they permit the experimental probing of quantum systems without essentially disturbing them. It's natural therefore to think that weak measurements of velocity in particular offer to actually observe the particle trajectories. If true, such a claim would not only experimentally demonstrate the incompleteness of quantum mechanics: it would provide support of dBBT in its standard form, singling it out from an infinitude of empirically equivalent alternative choices for the particle dynamics. Here we examine this possibility. Our result is deflationary: weak velocity measurements constitute no new arguments, let alone empirical evidence, in favour of standard dBBT; One mustn't na\"ively identify weak and actual positions. Weak velocity measurements admit of a straightforward standard quantum mechanical interpretation, independent of any commitment to particle trajectories and velocities. This is revealed by a careful reconstruction of the physical arguments on which the description of weak velocity measurements rests. It turns out that for weak velocity measurements to be reliable, one must already presuppose dBBT in its standard form: in this sense, they can provide no new argument, empirical or otherwise, for dBBT and its standard guidance equation.