Multi-Dictionary Tensor Decomposition

TL;DR

This paper introduces Multi-Dictionary Tensor Decomposition (MDTD), a novel framework leveraging prior mode information for sparse, interpretable tensor factorization, improving accuracy and efficiency in large-scale, real-world datasets.

Contribution

The paper proposes a new MDTD framework that incorporates coding dictionaries for tensor modes, enabling more concise, interpretable models and enhanced performance over existing methods.

Findings

MDTD reduces reconstruction error by 60% with fewer coefficients.

It doubles missing value imputation accuracy compared to state-of-the-art.

MDTD can decompose large datasets in under a minute.

Abstract

Tensor decomposition methods are popular tools for analysis of multi-way datasets from social media, healthcare, spatio-temporal domains, and others. Widely adopted models such as Tucker and canonical polyadic decomposition (CPD) follow a data-driven philosophy: they decompose a tensor into factors that approximate the observed data well. In some cases side information is available about the tensor modes. For example, in a temporal user-item purchases tensor a user influence graph, an item similarity graph, and knowledge about seasonality or trends in the temporal mode may be available. Such side information may enable more succinct and interpretable tensor decomposition models and improved quality in downstream tasks. We propose a framework for Multi-Dictionary Tensor Decomposition (MDTD) which takes advantage of prior structural information about tensor modes in the form of coding dictionaries to obtain sparsely encoded tensor factors. We derive a general optimization algorithm for MDTD that handles both complete input and input with missing values. Our framework handles large sparse tensors typical to many real-world application domains. We demonstrate MDTD's utility via experiments with both synthetic and real-world datasets. It learns more concise models than dictionary-free counterparts and improves (i) reconstruction quality ($60\%$ fewer non-zero coefficients coupled with smaller error); (ii) missing values imputation quality (two-fold MSE reduction with up to orders of magnitude time savings) and (iii) the estimation of the tensor rank. MDTD's quality improvements do not come with a running time premium: it can decompose $19GB$ datasets in less than a minute. It can also impute missing values in sparse billion-entry tensors more accurately and scalably than state-of-the-art competitors.