Azimuthal distribution of exponential format for particle collective motions in heavy-ion collisions under asynchronous assumption

TL;DR

This paper introduces an exponential format for azimuthal particle distributions in heavy-ion collisions, enabling the extraction of asynchronous flow coefficients and comparing them with traditional methods, revealing consistency in leading coefficients but differences in higher orders.

Contribution

It proposes a novel exponential format for azimuthal distributions to analyze asynchronous flow coefficients in heavy-ion collisions, extending previous Fourier-based methods.

Findings

Leading flow coefficients are consistent with traditional methods.

Higher-order flow coefficients show discrepancies compared to conventional analysis.

The exponential format simplifies the extraction of asynchronous flow components.

Abstract

Particle azimuth distributions are widely studied in heavy-ion collisions. They are often expanded in Fourier series to extract anisotropic flow harmonics simultaneously. It was recently proposed that the different orders of flows could happen asynchronously or noninterdependently. This study extends this idea to an exponential format of the azimuth distribution, which makes it straightforward to extract the asynchronous flow coefficients. We compare these new coefficients to the conventional ones, and find consistency in the leading coefficient and discrepancy in higher-order ones.