Performance of ChatGPT-3.5 and GPT-4 on the United States Medical Licensing Examination With and Without Distractions

TL;DR

This study evaluates how small talk affects the medical answer accuracy of ChatGPT-3.5 and GPT-4 on USMLE questions, revealing GPT-4's robustness to distractions and its higher accuracy overall.

Contribution

It provides a comparative analysis of ChatGPT-3.5 and GPT-4's performance on medical questions with and without small talk distractions.

Findings

ChatGPT-3.5's accuracy decreases with small talk for both question types.

ChatGPT-4's accuracy remains stable despite small talk.

GPT-4 outperforms GPT-3.5 in medical question answering.

Abstract

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are predictive models building their response based on the words in the prompts, there is a risk that small talk and irrelevant information may alter the response and the suggestion given. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of medical data mixed with small talk on the accuracy of medical advice provided by ChatGPT. USMLE step 3 questions were used as a model for relevant medical data. We use both multiple choice and open ended questions. We gathered small talk sentences from human participants using the Mechanical Turk platform. Both sets of USLME questions were arranged in a pattern where each sentence from the original questions was followed by a small talk sentence. ChatGPT 3.5 and 4 were asked to answer both sets of questions with and without the small talk sentences. A board-certified physician analyzed the answers by ChatGPT and compared them to the formal correct answer. The analysis results demonstrate that the ability of ChatGPT-3.5 to answer correctly was impaired when small talk was added to medical data for multiple-choice questions (72.1\% vs. 68.9\%) and open questions (61.5\% vs. 44.3\%; p=0.01), respectively. In contrast, small talk phrases did not impair ChatGPT-4 ability in both types of questions (83.6\% and 66.2\%, respectively). According to these results, ChatGPT-4 seems more accurate than the earlier 3.5 version, and it appears that small talk does not impair its capability to provide medical recommendations. Our results are an important first step in understanding the potential and limitations of utilizing ChatGPT and other LLMs for physician-patient interactions, which include casual conversations.