Nonlinear Quasi-Normal Modes: Uniform Approximation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a uniform approximation method to accurately compute nonlinear black hole perturbation modes, including amplitudes and frequencies, improving upon traditional WKB techniques for ringdown analysis.

Contribution

The paper develops a generalized uniform approximation technique for nonlinear black hole perturbations, enabling precise calculations of mode amplitudes and frequencies without matching conditions.

Findings

Accurately computes nonlinear mode amplitudes at large distances.

Determines linear and nonlinear quasi-normal mode frequencies.

Demonstrates effectiveness with a simplified Zerilli source model.

Abstract

Recent works have suggested that nonlinear (quadratic) effects in black hole perturbation theory may be important for describing a black hole ringdown. We show that the technique of uniform approximations can be used to accurately compute 1) nonlinear amplitudes at large distances in terms of the linear ones, 2) linear (and nonlinear) quasi-normal mode frequencies, 3) the wavefunction for both linear and nonlinear modes. Our method can be seen as a generalization of the WKB approximation, with the advantages of not losing accuracy at large overtone number and not requiring matching conditions. To illustrate the effectiveness of this method we consider a simplified source for the second-order Zerilli equation, which we use to numerically compute the amplitude of nonlinear modes for a range of values of the angular momentum number.