Novel Expressions for the Outage Probability and Diversity Gains in Fluid Antenna System

TL;DR

This paper introduces novel expressions for outage probability and diversity gains in fluid antenna systems, providing accurate approximations and analysis of their performance under Nakagami-m fading channels.

Contribution

It derives a simple, accurate closed-form approximation for outage probability in fluid antenna systems using a novel asymptotic matching method.

Findings

The approximation accurately predicts outage probability across scenarios.

Fluid antenna systems show significant diversity gains.

The method simplifies complex analysis of FAS performance.

Abstract

The flexibility and reconfigurability at the radio frequency (RF) front-end offered by the fluid antenna system (FAS) make this technology promising for providing remarkable diversity gains in networks with small and constrained devices. Toward this direction, this letter compares the outage probability (OP) performance of non-diversity and diversity FAS receivers undergoing spatially correlated Nakagami-$m$ fading channels. Although the system properties of FAS incur in complex analysis, we derive a simple yet accurate closed-form approximation by relying on a novel asymptotic matching method for the OP of a maximum-gain combining-FAS (MGC-FAS). The approximation is performed in two stages, the approximation of the cumulative density function (CDF) of each MGC-FAS branch, and then the approximation of the end-to-end CDF of the MGC-FAS scheme. With these results, closed-form expressions for the OP and the asymptotic OP are derived. Finally, numerical results validate our approximation of the MGC-FAS scheme and demonstrate its accuracy under different diversity FAS scenarios.