Frequency-adaptive control of a three-phase single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system under grid voltage sags

TL;DR

This paper presents a novel frequency-adaptive control strategy for a three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system that ensures low-voltage ride-through, limits inverter currents, and maintains power delivery during voltage sags using advanced synchronization and harmonic compensation techniques.

Contribution

The paper introduces a new control approach combining frequency-adaptive synchronization, harmonic compensation, and active power regulation for PV systems under grid voltage sags.

Findings

Effective low-voltage ride-through performance demonstrated in simulations.

Inverter current limitation achieved while delivering reactive and active power.

Control strategy validated through MATLAB simulations and hardware-in-the-loop experiments.

Abstract

The low-voltage ride-through service is carried out in this paper according to the voltage profile described by the IEC 61400-21 European normative when short-duration voltage sags happen, and some instantaneous reactive power is delivered to the grid in accordance with the Spanish grid code; the mandatory limitation of the amplitude of the three-phase inverter currents to its nominal value is carried out with a novel control strategy, in which a certain amount of instantaneous constant active power can also be delivered to the grid when small or moderate voltage sags happen. A Multiple second order generalized integrator frequency-locked loop synchronization algorithm is employed in order to estimate the system frequency without harmonic distortions, as well as to output the positive- and the negative- sequence of the {\alpha}\b{eta} quantities of the three-phase grid voltages when balanced and unbalanced voltage sags happen in a frequency-adaptive scheme. The current control is carried out in the stationary reference frame, which guarantees the cancellation of the harmonic distortions in the utility grid currents using a Harmonic compensation structure, and the implementation of a constant active power control in order to protect the DC link capacitor from thermal stresses avoiding the appearance of large harmonic distortions at twice the fundamental frequency in the DC link voltage. A case study of a three-phase single-stage grid-connected PV system with a maximum apparent power about 500 kVA is tested with several simulations using MATLAB/SIMULINK firstly, and secondly, with some experiments using the Controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) simulation technique for several types of voltage sags in order to do the final validation of the control algorithms.