Baryon Number Violating Rate as A Function of the Proton-Proton Collision Energy

TL;DR

This paper predicts that baryon-number violating events in proton-proton collisions are significantly more frequent at energies above 9 TeV, with the rate increasing dramatically at higher energies like 25 TeV, based on the Bloch-wave model.

Contribution

It introduces a comparison of baryon-number violation event rates at different collision energies using the Bloch-wave band structure and parton distribution functions, highlighting the energy dependence of BV rates.

Findings

BV cross section at 25 TeV is 10,000 times larger than at 13 TeV

Higher collision energies increase the probability of detecting BV events

Event signatures include more same sign charged leptons at higher energies

Abstract

The baryon-number violation (BV) happens in the standard electroweak model. According to the Bloch-wave picture, the BV event rate shall be significantly enhanced when the proton-proton collision center of mass (COM) energy goes beyond the sphaleron barrier height $E_{\rm sph}\simeq 9.0\,{\rm TeV}$. Here we compare the BV event rates at different COM energies, using the Bloch-wave band structure and the CT18 parton distribution function data, with the phase space suppression factor included. As an example, the BV cross section at 25 TeV is 4 orders of magnitude bigger than its cross section at 13 TeV. The probability of detection is further enhanced at higher energies since an event at higher energy will produce on average more same sign charged leptons.