Entropy-based machine learning model for diagnosis and monitoring of Parkinson's Disease in smart IoT environment

TL;DR

This paper introduces an entropy-based machine learning model that efficiently diagnoses and monitors Parkinson's Disease using rs-EEG signals in IoT environments, achieving near-perfect accuracy with reduced computational complexity.

Contribution

The study demonstrates the effectiveness of fuzzy entropy features and optimized EEG signal segments for high-accuracy PD diagnosis with minimal features and data, suitable for IoT devices.

Findings

Fuzzy entropy outperforms other entropy measures in PD diagnosis.

Maximum classification accuracy of 99.9% achieved with 11 features.

High accuracy depends on low-frequency EEG signals (0-4 Hz).

Abstract

The study presents the concept of a computationally efficient machine learning (ML) model for diagnosing and monitoring Parkinson's disease (PD) in an Internet of Things (IoT) environment using rest-state EEG signals (rs-EEG). We computed different types of entropy from EEG signals and found that Fuzzy Entropy performed the best in diagnosing and monitoring PD using rs-EEG. We also investigated different combinations of signal frequency ranges and EEG channels to accurately diagnose PD. Finally, with a fewer number of features (11 features), we achieved a maximum classification accuracy (ARKF) of ~99.9%. The most prominent frequency range of EEG signals has been identified, and we have found that high classification accuracy depends on low-frequency signal components (0-4 Hz). Moreover, the most informative signals were mainly received from the right hemisphere of the head (F8, P8, T8, FC6). Furthermore, we assessed the accuracy of the diagnosis of PD using three different lengths of EEG data (150-1000 samples). Because the computational complexity is reduced by reducing the input data. As a result, we have achieved a maximum mean accuracy of 99.9% for a sample length (LEEG) of 1000 (~7.8 seconds), 98.2% with a LEEG of 800 (~6.2 seconds), and 79.3% for LEEG = 150 (~1.2 seconds). By reducing the number of features and segment lengths, the computational cost of classification can be reduced. Lower-performance smart ML sensors can be used in IoT environments for enhances human resilience to PD.