Strong arc decompositions of split digraphs

TL;DR

This paper proves that every 3-arc-strong split digraph has a polynomial-time computable strong arc decomposition, and identifies classes of 2-strong split digraphs lacking such decompositions, advancing understanding of arc decompositions.

Contribution

It establishes the existence of strong arc decompositions for 3-arc-strong split digraphs and provides polynomial algorithms, while also presenting classes of 2-strong split digraphs without such decompositions.

Findings

Every 3-arc-strong split digraph has a strong arc decomposition.

Polynomial-time algorithm exists for finding the decomposition.

Infinite classes of 2-strong split digraphs lack strong arc decompositions.

Abstract

A {\bf strong arc decomposition} of a digraph $D=(V,A)$ is a partition of its arc set $A$ into two sets $A_1,A_2$ such that the digraph $D_i=(V,A_i)$ is strong for $i=1,2$. Bang-Jensen and Yeo (2004) conjectured that there is some $K$ such that every $K$-arc-strong digraph has a strong arc decomposition. They also proved that with one exception on 4 vertices every 2-arc-strong semicomplete digraph has a strong arc decomposition. Bang-Jensen and Huang (2010) extended this result to locally semicomplete digraphs by proving that every 2-arc-strong locally semicomplete digraph which is not the square of an even cycle has a strong arc decomposition. This implies that every 3-arc-strong locally semicomplete digraph has a strong arc decomposition. A {\bf split digraph} is a digraph whose underlying undirected graph is a split graph, meaning that its vertices can be partioned into a clique and an independent set. Equivalently, a split digraph is any digraph which can be obtained from a semicomplete digraph $D=(V,A)$ by adding a new set $V'$ of vertices and some arcs between $V'$ and $V$. In this paper we prove that every 3-arc-strong split digraph has a strong arc decomposition which can be found in polynomial time and we provide infinite classes of 2-strong split digraphs with no strong arc decomposition. We also pose a number of open problems on split digraphs.