Unveiling the X-ray polarimetric properties of LMC X-3 with IXPE, NICER, and Swift/XRT

TL;DR

This study reports the first X-ray polarization measurements of the extragalactic black-hole binary LMC X-3, revealing energy-dependent polarization consistent with a static slab coronal geometry, using IXPE, NICER, and Swift/XRT data.

Contribution

First measurement of X-ray polarization of LMC X-3, providing new insights into its accretion geometry and coronal structure.

Findings

Polarization fraction of ~3% at 2-8 keV energy band.

Polarization degree increases with energy, reaching ~9% at 8 keV.

Energy-independent polarization angle of ~135°.

Abstract

The incoming Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) observations of X-ray binaries provide a new tool to investigate the underlying accretion geometry. Here we report the first measurements of X-ray polarization of the extra-galactic black-hole X-ray binary LMC X$-$3. We find a polarization fraction of $\sim 3%$ at a polarization angle of $\sim 135^\circ$ in the $2-8$ keV energy band with statistical significance at the 7$\sigma$ level. This polarization measurement significantly exceeds the minimum detectable polarization threshold of 1.2% for the source, ascertained at a 99% confidence level within the $2-8$ keV energy band. The simultaneous spectro-polarimetric fitting of NICER, Swift/XRT, and IXPE revealed the presence of a disc with a temperature of $\sim$1 keV and a Comptonized component with a power-law index of $\sim$ 2.4, confirming the soft nature of the source. The polarization degree increases with energy from $\sim$3% in the $2-5.7$ keV band to $\sim$9% in the $5.7-8$ keV band, while the polarization angle is energy independent. The observed energy dependence and the sudden jump of polarization fraction above 5 keV supports the idea of a static slab coronal geometry for the Comptonizing medium of LMC X$-$3.