Deep Learning-based Synthetic High-Resolution In-Depth Imaging Using an Attachable Dual-element Endoscopic Ultrasound Probe

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel dual-element endoscopic ultrasound probe combined with deep learning to generate high-resolution in-depth images, addressing resolution and penetration depth trade-offs in EUS imaging.

Contribution

It presents a new attachable dual-element EUS probe with customized transducers and a deep learning framework for synthetic high-resolution imaging, filling a gap in clinical ultrasound diagnostics.

Findings

Successful development of a dual-element EUS probe

Deep learning models effectively generate high-resolution images

Potential for improved clinical tissue imaging

Abstract

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) imaging has a trade-off between resolution and penetration depth. By considering the in-vivo characteristics of human organs, it is necessary to provide clinicians with appropriate hardware specifications for precise diagnosis. Recently, super-resolution (SR) ultrasound imaging studies, including the SR task in deep learning fields, have been reported for enhancing ultrasound images. However, most of those studies did not consider ultrasound imaging natures, but rather they were conventional SR techniques based on downsampling of ultrasound images. In this study, we propose a novel deep learning-based high-resolution in-depth imaging probe capable of offering low- and high-frequency ultrasound image pairs. We developed an attachable dual-element EUS probe with customized low- and high-frequency ultrasound transducers under small hardware constraints. We also designed a special geared structure to enable the same image plane. The proposed system was evaluated with a wire phantom and a tissue-mimicking phantom. After the evaluation, 442 ultrasound image pairs from the tissue-mimicking phantom were acquired. We then applied several deep learning models to obtain synthetic high-resolution in-depth images, thus demonstrating the feasibility of our approach for clinical unmet needs. Furthermore, we quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed the results to find a suitable deep-learning model for our task. The obtained results demonstrate that our proposed dual-element EUS probe with an image-to-image translation network has the potential to provide synthetic high-frequency ultrasound images deep inside tissues.