L\'evy distributed fluctuations in the living cell cortex

TL;DR

This study reveals that fluctuations in the cell cortex follow a heavy-tailed Le9vy distribution, indicating super-diffusive behavior driven by rare large displacements, challenging previous cooperative models of cytoquakes.

Contribution

It demonstrates that cell cortex fluctuations are governed by a truncated Le9vy alpha-stable distribution, showing non-cooperative, heavy-tailed noise as the source of large displacements.

Findings

Fluctuations are heavy-tailed and follow a Le9vy distribution.

Large displacements resemble cytoquakes but are due to chance super-diffusive events.

Microscopic events driving fluctuations are not necessarily larger than elastic energy of actin filaments.

Abstract

The actomyosin cortex is an active material that provides animal cells with a strong but flexible exterior, whose mechanics, including non-Gaussian fluctuations and occasional large displacements or cytoquakes, have defied explanation. We study the active fluctuations of the cortex using nanoscale tracking of arrays of flexible microposts adhered to multiple cultured cell types. When the confounding effects of static heterogeneity and tracking error are removed, the fluctuations are found to be heavy-tailed and well-described by a truncated L\'evy alpha-stable distribution over a wide range of timescales, in multiple cell types. The largest random displacements closely resemble the earlier-reported cytoquakes, but notably, we find these cytoquakes are not due to earthquake-like cooperative rearrangement of many cytoskeletal elements. Rather, they are indistinguishable from chance large excursions of a super-diffusive random process driven by heavy-tailed noise. The non-cooperative microscopic events driving these fluctuations need not be larger than the expected elastic energy of single tensed cortical actin filaments, and the implied distribution of microscopic event energies will need to be accounted for by future models of the cytoskeleton.