Absence of quantum optical coherence in high harmonic generation

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that high harmonic generation can occur with incoherent light, producing harmonics that are quantum mechanically incoherent yet share photon statistics with coherent light, challenging traditional assumptions.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of quantum optical coherence into high harmonic generation driven by incoherent fields, revealing that harmonics can be generated without electric field coherence.

Findings

Harmonics can be generated from incoherent radiation with zero electric field.

Generated harmonics are quantum incoherent but have photon statistics similar to coherent harmonics.

Assuming harmonic coherence from classical models may be a fallacy.

Abstract

The optical phase of the driving field in the process of high harmonic generation and the coherence properties of the harmonics are fundamental concepts in attosecond physics. Here, we consider to drive the process by incoherent classical and non-classical light fields exhibiting an undetermined optical phase. With this we introduce the notion of quantum optical coherence into high harmonic generation, and show that high harmonics can be generated from incoherent radiation despite having a vanishing electric field. We explicitly derive the quantum state of the harmonics when driven by carrier-envelope phase unstable fields and show that the generated harmonics are incoherent and exhibiting zero electric field amplitudes. We find that the quantum state of each harmonic is diagonal in its photon number basis, but nevertheless has the exact same photon statistics as the widely considered coherent harmonics. From this we conclude that assuming coherent harmonic radiation can originate from a preferred ensemble fallacy. These findings have profound implications for attosecond experiments and how to infer about the harmonic radiation properties.