Locating Buggy Segments in Quantum Program Debugging

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel quantum bug localization method that considers the unique cost and accuracy tradeoffs in quantum program testing, significantly reducing bug-locating costs.

Contribution

It is the first to analyze quantum-specific testing characteristics and propose a bug localization method that accounts for these factors.

Findings

Reduced bug-locating cost compared to naive methods

Effective consideration of quantum testing tradeoffs

First analysis of quantum-specific bug localization challenges

Abstract

When a bug is detected by testing a quantum program on a quantum computer, we want to determine its location to fix it. To locate the bug, the quantum program is divided into several segments, and each segment is tested. However, to prepare a quantum state that is input to a segment, it is necessary to execute all the segments ahead of that segment in a quantum computer. This means that the cost of testing each segment depends on its location. We can also locate a buggy segment only if it is confirmed that there are no bugs in all segments ahead of that buggy segment. Since a quantum program is tested statistically on the basis of measurement results, there is a tradeoff between testing accuracy and cost. Although these characteristics are unique to quantum programs and complicate locating bugs, they have not been investigated. We suggest for the first time that these characteristics should be considered to efficiently locate bugs. We are also the first to propose a bug-locating method that takes these characteristics into account. The results from experiments indicate that the bug-locating cost, represented as the number of executed quantum gates, can be reduced with the proposed method compared with naive methods.