Mathematical Singularities in the Farthest Confines of the Universe -- And a Brief Report on Its Evolutionary History

TL;DR

This paper argues that true infinities do not exist in physics, emphasizing that singularities are mathematical extrapolations beyond valid equations, and provides an overview of the universe's evolution based on current observations and experiments.

Contribution

It challenges the conventional notion of singularities in cosmology, clarifies their mathematical nature, and offers a revised perspective on the universe's history and future developments.

Findings

No actual infinities in physical reality

Singularities are extrapolations beyond equation validity

Current observations inform universe's evolutionary understanding

Abstract

It is advisable to avoid and, even better, demystify such grandiose terms as "infinity" or "singularity" in the description of the cosmos. Its proliferation does not positively contribute to the understanding of key concepts that are essential for an updated account of its origin and evolutionary history. It will be here argued that, as a matter of fact, there are no infinities in physics, in the real world: all that appears, in any given formulation of nature by means of mathematical equations, actually arises from extrapolations, which are made beyond the bounds of validity of the equations themselves. Such a crucial point is rather well known, but too often forgotten, and is discussed in this paper with several examples; namely, the famous Big Bang singularity and others, which appeared before in classical mechanics and electrodynamics, and notably in the quantization of field theories. A brief description of the Universe's history and evolution follows. Special emphasis is put on what is presently known, from detailed observations of the cosmos and, complementarily, from advanced experiments of very high-energy physics. To conclude, a future perspective on how this knowledge might soon improve is given.