From static to Vaidya solutions in scalar tensor theories

TL;DR

This paper extends static black hole solutions in scalar-tensor and Lovelock theories to non-static Vaidya-like solutions by generalizing compatibility conditions to include time dependence, revealing new dynamic solutions in higher dimensions.

Contribution

It introduces a method to promote static black hole solutions to dynamic Vaidya-like solutions in scalar-tensor and Lovelock theories, generalizing previous compatibility conditions.

Findings

Static solutions can be extended to non-static Vaidya-like solutions.

Compatibility conditions are generalized to include time dependence.

Higher-dimensional solutions also admit Vaidya-like generalizations.

Abstract

We consider some classes of Horndeski theories in four dimensions for which a certain combination of the Einstein equations within a spherical ansatz splits into two distinct branches. Recently, for these theories, some integrability and compatibility conditions have been established which have made it possible to obtain black hole solutions depending on a single integration constant identified as the mass. Here, we will show that these compatibility conditions can be generalized to accommodate a time dependence by promoting the constant mass to an arbitrary function of the retarded (advanced) time. As a direct consequence, we prove that all the static black hole solutions can be naturally promoted to non static Vaidya-like solutions. We extend this study in arbitrary higher dimensions where the pure gravity part is now described by the Lovelock theory and, where the scalar field action enjoyed the conformal invariance. For these theories, the splitting in two branches is also effective, and we show that their known static black hole solutions can as well be promoted to Vaidya-like solutions.