General Heavy WIMP Nucleon Elastic Scattering

TL;DR

This paper calculates the scattering rates of heavy electroweak multiplet dark matter particles with nucleons, extending previous work to all low-spin cases and providing benchmark results relevant for future direct detection experiments.

Contribution

It generalizes previous WIMP-nucleon scattering calculations to include all low-spin heavy electroweak multiplets with arbitrary representations, offering comprehensive benchmark cross sections.

Findings

Most TeV WIMPs with isospin ≤ 3 have cross sections below current limits.

Cross sections are within reach of next-generation experiments for many models.

Pure electroweak doublet WIMPs are below the neutrino floor.

Abstract

Heavy WIMP (weakly-interacting-massive-particle) effective field theory is used to compute the WIMP-nucleon scattering rate for general heavy electroweak multiplets through order $m_W/M$, where $m_W$ and $M$ denote the electroweak and WIMP mass scales. The lightest neutral component of such an electroweak multiplet is a candidate dark matter particle, either elementary or composite. Existing computations for certain representations of electroweak $\mathrm{SU(2)}_W\times \mathrm{U(1)}_Y$ reveal a cancellation of amplitudes from different effective operators at leading and subleading orders in $1/M$, yielding small cross sections that are below current dark matter direct detection experimental sensitivities. We extend those computations and consider all low-spin (spin-0, spin-1/2, spin-1, spin-3/2) heavy electroweak multiplets with arbitrary $\mathrm{SU(2)}_W\times \mathrm{U(1)}_Y$ representations and provide benchmark cross section results for dark matter direct detection experiments. For most self-conjugate TeV WIMPs with isospin $\le 3$, the cross sections are below current experimental limits but within reach of next-generation experiments. An exception is the case of pure electroweak doublet, where WIMPs are hidden below the neutrino floor.