Projections of Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Protected Areas: Palau, the Great Barrier Reef, and the Bering Sea

TL;DR

This paper assesses how climate change-induced ocean warming will affect marine protected areas in Palau, the Great Barrier Reef, and the Bering Sea, focusing on shifts in species distribution and implications for local fisheries.

Contribution

It introduces a methodology to project biological and economic impacts of climate change on MPAs across diverse ecological regions.

Findings

Fisheries will be differently impacted in each region.

The methodology supports decision-making linking sector income and species diversity.

All three case studies demonstrate the approach's applicability.

Abstract

Climate change substantially impacts ecological systems. Marine species are shifting their distribution because of climate change towards colder waters, potentially compromising the benefits of currently established Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). Therefore, we demonstrate how three case study regions will be impacted by warming ocean waters to prepare stakeholders to understand how the fisheries around the MPAs is predicted to change. We chose the case studies to focus on large scale MPAs in i) a cold, polar region, ii) a tropical region near the equator, and iii) a tropical region farther from the equator. We quantify the biological impacts of shifts in species distribution due to climate change for fishing communities that depend on the Palau National Marine Sanctuary, the Great Barrier Reef Marine National Park Zone, and the North Bering Sea Research Area MPAs. We find that fisheries sectors will be impacted differently in different regions and show that all three regions can be supported by this methodology for decision making that joins sector income and species diversity.