Multi-messenger signatures of delayed choked jets in tidal disruption events

TL;DR

This paper explores how delayed jets in tidal disruption events interact with debris, producing observable electromagnetic signals and neutrinos, and discusses conditions under which jets are choked or break out.

Contribution

It introduces a model for delayed jet interactions in TDEs, analyzing their observational signatures and neutrino production, which advances understanding of late-time activities in these events.

Findings

Jets with luminosity $ ot extgreater 5 imes 10^{45}$ erg/s are likely choked after 3 months delay.

Particle acceleration and synchrotron emission can be detected in radio, optical, and X-ray bands.

Delayed jets can produce high-energy neutrinos, easing the explanation of neutrino coincidences.

Abstract

Recent radio observations and coincident neutrino detections suggest that some tidal disruption events (TDEs) exhibit late-time activities, relative to the optical emission peak, and these may be due to delayed outflows launched from the central supermassive black hole. We investigate the possibility that jets launched with a time delay of days to months, interact with a debris that may expand outwards. We discuss the effects of the time delay and expansion velocity on the outcomes of jet breakout and collimation. We find that a jet with an isotropic-equivalent luminosity of $\lesssim 5 \times 10^{45}\,{\rm erg/s}$ is likely to be choked for a delay time of $\sim 3$ months. We also study the observational signatures of such delayed choked jets. The jet-debris interaction preceding the breakout would lead to particle acceleration and the resulting synchrotron emission can be detected by current and near-future radio, optical and X-ray telescopes, and the expanding jet-driven debris could explain late-time radio emission. We discuss high-energy neutrino production in delayed choked jets, and the time delay can significantly alleviate the difficulty of the hidden jet scenario in explaining neutrino coincidences.