Persisting quantum effects in the anisotropic Rabi model at thermal equilibrium

TL;DR

This paper investigates how quantum correlations and nonclassical states in the anisotropic quantum Rabi model persist at thermal equilibrium, revealing potential for long-lived quantum resources in light-matter systems without ground-state cooling.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of quantum correlations at thermal equilibrium in the anisotropic Rabi model using a dressed master equation applicable across all coupling regimes.

Findings

Quantum correlations persist at thermal equilibrium.

Long-lived quantum states are achievable without ground-state cooling.

Distinction between virtual excitations and quantumness quantifiers beyond strong coupling.

Abstract

Quantum correlations and nonclassical states are at the heart of emerging quantum technologies. Efforts to produce long-lived states of such quantum resources are a subject of tireless pursuit. Among several platforms useful for quantum technology, the mature quantum system of light-matter interactions offers unprecedented advantages due to current on-chip nanofabrication, efficient quantum control of its constituents, and its wide range of operational regimes. Recently, a continuous transition between the Jaynes-Cummings model and the Rabi model has been proposed by exploiting anisotropies in their light-matter interactions, known as the anisotropic quantum Rabi model. In this work, we study the long-lived quantum correlations and nonclassical states generated in the anisotropic Rabi model and how these indeed persist even at thermal equilibrium. To achieve this, we thoroughly analyze several quantumness quantifiers, where the long-lived quantum state is obtained from a dressed master equation that is valid for all coupling regimes and with the steady state ensured to be the canonical Gibbs state. Furthermore, we demonstrate a stark distinction between virtual excitations produced beyond the strong coupling regime and the quantumness quantifiers once the light-matter interaction has been switched off. This raises the key question about the nature of the equilibrium quantum features generated in the anisotropic quantum Rabi model and paves the way for future experimental investigations, without the need for challenging ground-state cooling.