Quantum Tapsilou -- a quantum game inspired from the traditional Greek coin tossing game tapsilou

TL;DR

Quantum Tapsilou is a novel quantum game inspired by the Greek coin tossing game, utilizing entanglement and group theory to preserve fairness while introducing complex quantum strategies.

Contribution

It introduces a new quantum game using rotation gates and group theory, maintaining fairness and symmetry, which differs from previous quantum game implementations.

Findings

Both players have equal winning probabilities.

Entanglement via rotation gates creates Bell-like states with unequal amplitudes.

Game symmetry ensures fairness regardless of move choices.

Abstract

This paper introduces a new quantum game called Quantum Tapsilou that is inspired by the classical traditional Greek coin tossing game tapsilou. The new quantum game, despite its increased complexity and scope, retains the most important characteristic of the traditional game. In the classical game, both players have $\frac { 1 } { 4 }$ probability to win. The quantum version retains this characteristic feature, that is both players have the same probability to win, only now this probability varies considerably and depends on previous moves and choices. The two most important novelties of Quantum Tapsilou can be attributed to its implementation of entanglement via the use of rotation gates instead of Hadamard gates, which generates Bell-like states with unequal probability amplitudes, and the integral use of groups. In Quantum Tapsilou both players agree on a specific cyclic rotation group of order $n$, for some sufficiently large $n$. The game is based on the chosen group, in the sense that both players will draw their moves from its elements. More specifically, both players will pick rotations from this group to realize their actions using the corresponding $R_{ y }$ rotation gates. In the Quantum Tapsilou game, it is equally probable for both players to win. This fact is in accordance with a previous result in the literature showing that quantum games where both players choose their actions from the same group, exhibit perfect symmetry by providing each player with the possibility to pick the move that counteracts the other player's action.