Nondestructive discrimination of Bell states between distant parties

TL;DR

This paper proposes a method for nondestructively identifying Bell states shared between distant parties, utilizing pre-shared entanglement and demonstrating experimental success on a quantum computer.

Contribution

It introduces a scheme for Bell state discrimination between distant parties without destruction, surpassing classical bounds with experimental validation.

Findings

Scheme requires pre-shared entanglement resources

Probability of non-destructive discrimination exceeds 1/4 with resources

Experimental demonstration on IonQ quantum computer shows advantage over classical methods

Abstract

Identifying Bell states without destroying it is frequently dealt with in nowadays quantum technologies such as quantum communication and quantum computing. In practice, quantum entangled states are often distributed among distant parties, and it might be required to determine them separately at each location, without inline communication between parties. We present a scheme for discriminating an arbitrary Bell state distributed to two distant parties without destroying it. The scheme requires two entangled states that are pre-shared between the parties, and we show that without these ancillary resources, the probability of non-destructively discriminating the Bell state is bounded by 1/4, which is the same as random guessing. Furthermore, we demonstrate a proof-of-principle experiment through an IonQ quantum computer that our scheme can surpass classical bounds when applied to practical quantum processor.