Empirical Modeling of Variance in Medium Frequency R-Mode Time-of-Arrival Measurements

TL;DR

This paper develops an empirical model for the variance of time-of-arrival measurements in medium frequency R-Mode navigation, improving performance simulation accuracy by using real data and adapting methods from Loran systems.

Contribution

It introduces a novel empirical variance model for TOA measurements in MF R-Mode, based on actual data and adapted from Loran system techniques.

Findings

Variance modeling improves simulation accuracy

Data from South Korean transmitters used for parameter estimation

Method adapts Loran variance calculation to R-Mode system

Abstract

The R-Mode system, an advanced terrestrial integrated navigation system, is designed to address the vulnerabilities of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and explore the potential of a complementary navigation system. This study aims to enhance the accuracy of performance simulation for the medium frequency (MF) R-Mode system by modeling the variance of time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements based on actual data. Drawing inspiration from the method used to calculate the standard deviation of time-of-reception (TOR) measurements in Loran, we adapted and applied this approach to the MF R-Mode system. Data were collected from transmitters in Palmi and Chungju, South Korea, and the parameters for modeling the variance of TOA were estimated.