Fermion Soliton Stars with Asymmetric Vacua

TL;DR

This paper explores fermion soliton stars with asymmetric scalar potentials, revealing their mass-radius relations, potential for negative or positive cosmological constants inside, and the existence of multiple solution branches, expanding understanding of exotic compact objects.

Contribution

It introduces a more general scalar potential with asymmetric vacua into fermion soliton star models, showing new scaling behaviors and solution structures compared to symmetric cases.

Findings

Maximum mass scales differently with parameters in asymmetric vacua.

Stars can have interior effective cosmological constants that are positive or negative.

Multiple disconnected solution branches exist for certain potentials.

Abstract

Fermion soliton stars are a motivated model of exotic compact objects in which a nonlinear self-interacting real scalar field couples to a fermion via a Yukawa term, giving rise to an effective fermion mass that depends on the fluid properties. Here we continue our investigation of this model within General Relativity by considering a scalar potential with generic asymmetric vacua. This case provides fermion soliton stars with a parametrically different scaling of the maximum mass relative to the model parameters, showing that the special case of symmetric vacua, in which we recover our previous results, requires fine tuning. In the more generic case studied here the mass and radius of a fermion soliton star are comparable to those of a neutron star for natural model parameters at the GeV scale. Finally, the asymmetric scalar potential inside the star can provide either a positive or a negative effective cosmological constant in the interior, being thus reminiscent of gravastars or anti-de Sitter bubbles, respectively. In the latter case we find the existence of multiple, disconnected, branches of solutions.