Investigating Mass Segregation of the Binary Stars in the Open Cluster NGC 6819

TL;DR

This study investigates mass segregation in the open cluster NGC 6819, revealing that binaries and more massive stars are more centrally concentrated, supported by observational data and N-body simulations.

Contribution

First to analyze mass segregation of binaries in NGC 6819 using Gaia, 2MASS, and Pan-STARRS data with Bayesian methods.

Findings

Binary fraction increases toward the cluster core.

More massive binaries are more centrally concentrated.

Mass segregation is confirmed through relaxation time and N-body models.

Abstract

We search for mass segregation in the intermediate-aged open cluster NGC 6819 within a carefully identified sample of probable cluster members. Using photometry from the Gaia, 2MASS, and Pan-STARRS surveys as inputs for a Bayesian statistics software suite, BASE-9, we identify a rich population of (photometric) binaries and derive posterior distributions for the cluster age, distance, metallicity and reddening as well as star-by-star photometric membership probabilities, masses and mass ratios (for binaries). Within our entire sample, we find 2632 cluster members and 777 binaries. We then select a main-sequence 'primary sample' with 14.85 < G < 19.5 containing 1342 cluster members and 250 binaries with mass ratios q > 0.5, to investigate for mass segregation. Within this primary sample, we find the binary radial distribution is significantly shifted toward the cluster center as compared to the single stars, resulting in a binary fraction that increases significantly toward the cluster core. Furthermore, we find that within the binary sample, more massive binaries have more centrally concentrated radial distributions than less massive binaries. The same is true for the single stars. We verify the expectation of mass segregation for this stellar sample in NGC 6819 through both relaxation time arguments and by investigating a sophisticated N-body model of the cluster. Importantly, this is the first study to investigate mass segregation of the binaries in the open cluster NGC 6819.