Group-Conditional Conformal Prediction via Quantile Regression Calibration for Crop and Weed Classification

TL;DR

This paper introduces a group-conditional conformal prediction framework using quantile regression to provide reliable uncertainty estimates for deep crop and weed classification in agriculture, addressing environmental variability.

Contribution

It proposes a novel group-conditional conformal prediction method with quantile regression, improving performance guarantees across diverse environmental groups in agricultural image classification.

Findings

The proposed method achieves valid group-specific coverage guarantees.

Empirical results demonstrate improved reliability over marginal approaches.

The approach effectively accounts for environmental heterogeneity in agricultural data.

Abstract

As deep learning predictive models become an integral part of a large spectrum of precision agricultural systems, a barrier to the adoption of such automated solutions is the lack of user trust in these highly complex, opaque and uncertain models. Indeed, deep neural networks are not equipped with any explicit guarantees that can be used to certify the system's performance, especially in highly varying uncontrolled environments such as the ones typically faced in computer vision for agriculture.Fortunately, certain methods developed in other communities can prove to be important for agricultural applications. This article presents the conformal prediction framework that provides valid statistical guarantees on the predictive performance of any black box prediction machine, with almost no assumptions, applied to the problem of deep visual classification of weeds and crops in real-world conditions. The framework is exposed with a focus on its practical aspects and special attention accorded to the Adaptive Prediction Sets (APS) approach that delivers marginal guarantees on the model's coverage. Marginal results are then shown to be insufficient to guarantee performance on all groups of individuals in the population as characterized by their environmental and pedo-climatic auxiliary data gathered during image acquisition.To tackle this shortcoming, group-conditional conformal approaches are presented: the ''classical'' method that consists of iteratively applying the APS procedure on all groups, and a proposed elegant reformulation and implementation of the procedure using quantile regression on group membership indicators. Empirical results showing the validity of the proposed approach are presented and compared to the marginal APS then discussed.