In-situ Optimized Substrate Witness Plates: Ground Truth for Key Processes on the Moon and Other Planets

TL;DR

This paper introduces in-situ substrate witness plates called Biscuits, which are passive, customizable tools designed to monitor key lunar surface processes, providing sustainable, low-impact ground truth data for scientific and operational purposes.

Contribution

It presents a novel, flexible approach using in-situ witness plates to measure planetary surface processes, enhancing current remote sensing and sampling techniques.

Findings

Biscuits can detect water presence and transport on the lunar surface.

They can measure contamination and biological molecule presence.

They provide time-integrated data to inform scientific and operational decisions.

Abstract

Future exploration efforts of the Moon, Mars and other bodies are poised to focus heavily on persistent and sustainable survey and research efforts, especially given the recent interest in a long-term sustainable human presence at the Moon. Key to these efforts is understanding a number of important processes on the lunar surface for both scientific and operational purposes. We discuss the potential value of in-situ artificial substrate witness plates, powerful tools that can supplement familiar remote sensing and sample acquisition techniques and provide a sustainable way of monitoring processes in key locations on planetary surfaces while maintaining a low environmental footprint. These tools, which we call Biscuits, can use customized materials as wide ranging as zircon-based spray coatings to metals potentially usable for surface structures, to target specific processes/questions as part of a small, passive witness plate that can be flexibly placed with respect to location and total time duration. We examine and discuss unique case studies to show how processes such as water presence/transport, presence and contamination of biologically relevant molecules, solar activity related effects, and other processes can be measured using Biscuits. Biscuits can yield key location sensitive, time integrated measurements on these processes to inform scientific understanding of the Moon and enable operational goals in lunar exploration. While we specifically demonstrate this on a simulated traverse and for selected examples, we stress all groups interested in planetary surfaces should consider these adaptable, low footprint and highly informative tools for future exploration.