Positivity Bounds on Higgs-Portal Freeze-in Dark Matter

TL;DR

This paper investigates how positivity bounds constrain Higgs-portal interactions for scalar dark matter produced via freeze-in, highlighting the role of dimension-8 operators and their implications for microscopic models.

Contribution

It analyzes the impact of positivity bounds on higher-dimensional Higgs-portal operators and explores their effects on relic density calculations in various microscopic models.

Findings

Dimension-8 operators can dominate relic density calculations after reheating.

Positivity bounds are respected by massive graviton and radion mediated interactions.

Disformal couplings can violate positivity bounds and affect model viability.

Abstract

We consider the relic density and positivity bounds for freeze-in scalar dark matter with general Higgs-portal interactions up to dimension-8 operators. When dimension-4 and dimension-6 Higgs-portal interactions are proportional to mass squares for Higgs or scalar dark matter in certain microscopic models such as massive graviton, radion or general metric couplings with conformal and disformal modes, we can take the dimension-8 derivative Higgs-portal interactions to be dominant for determining the relic density via the 2-to-2 thermal scattering of the Higgs fields after reheating. We discuss the implications of positivity bounds for microscopic models. First, massive graviton or radion mediates attractive forces between Higgs and scalar dark matter and the resultant dimension-8 operators respect the positivity bounds. Second, the disformal couplings in the general metric allow for the subluminal propagation of graviton but violate the positivity bounds. We show that there is a wide parameter space for explaining the correct relic density from the freeze-in mechanism and the positivity bounds can curb out the dimension-8 derivative Higgs-portal interactions nontrivially in the presence of the similar dimension-8 self-interactions for Higgs and dark matter.