Lorentz- and CPT-violating effects in Penning traps at linear boost

TL;DR

This paper analyzes Lorentz- and CPT-violating effects in Penning-trap experiments at linear boost order, deriving frequency shift expressions and establishing new bounds on Lorentz violation coefficients from existing measurements.

Contribution

It revisits the quantum electrodynamics framework for Penning traps, derives frequency shift formulas in the Sun-centered frame, and improves bounds on Lorentz violation coefficients.

Findings

Derived expressions for frequency shifts in Penning traps at linear boost order.

Reproduced dominant shifts in cyclotron and anomaly frequencies.

Established new or improved bounds on Lorentz violation coefficients.

Abstract

We present in this work an analysis of Lorentz- and CPT-violating signals at linear boost order in Penning-trap experiments. The theory of quantum electrodynamics with Penning traps is revisited and the dominant shifts in the cyclotron and anomaly frequencies of confined particles and antiparticles are reproduced. To study time variations of the experimental signals at linear boost order, we provide a general discussion on transformations of coefficients for Lorentz violation between different frames, and derive the expressions of the cyclotron and anomaly frequency shifts in the Sun-centered frame. Relating these frequency shifts to the charge-to-mass ratios, the $g$ factors, and their comparisons between particles and antiparticles, we extract numerous new or improved bounds on coefficients for Lorentz violation from existing Penning-trap measurements.