Superfluid fraction tensor of a two-dimensional supersolid

TL;DR

This paper studies the superfluid fraction tensor in a two-dimensional supersolid with non-local interactions, analyzing calculation methods, anisotropy factors, and refining bounds, with relevance to current supersolid systems.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive analysis of the superfluid tensor in 2D supersolids, comparing methods and refining Leggett bounds for accurate superfluid fraction estimation.

Findings

Superfluid fraction tensor can be anisotropic depending on the crystalline geometry.

Refined Leggett bounds provide accurate estimates of superfluid fraction from density profiles.

Comparison of methods shows consistency and highlights factors influencing superfluid properties.

Abstract

We investigate the superfluid fraction of crystalline stationary states within the framework of mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii theory. Our primary focus is on a two-dimensional system with a non-local soft-core interaction, where the superfluid fraction is described by a rank-2 tensor. We analyze and establish connections between methods for calculating the superfluid tensor derived from analysis of the nonclassical translational inertia and the effective mass. We then apply these methods for crystalline states exhibiting triangular, square, and stripe geometries across a broad range of interaction parameters. Factors leading to an anisotropic superfluid fraction tensor are also considered. We also refine the Leggett bounds for the superfluid fraction to an accurate approach that involves a calculation using the density profile over a single unit cell. We systematically compare these bounds to our full numerical results, and other results in the literature. This work is of direct relevance to other supersolid systems of current interest, such as supersolids produced using dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates.