Impact of geolocation data on augmented reality usability: A comparative user test

TL;DR

This study compares the impact of geolocation data accuracy on augmented reality usability, revealing that less accurate RTK data negatively affects user experience and exploration, with implications for educational AR applications.

Contribution

The paper presents a comparative user test of a web AR system using GNSS and RTK data, highlighting how geolocation accuracy influences usability and exploration in AR environments.

Findings

RTK data was less accurate than GNSS in the test.

Lower usability scores were associated with RTK data.

GNSS group explored more than RTK group.

Abstract

Abstract. While the use of location-based augmented reality (AR) for education has demonstrated benefits on participants' motivation, engagement, and on their physical activity, geolocation data inaccuracy causes augmented objects to jitter or drift, which is a factor in downgrading user experience. We developed a free and open source web AR application and conducted a comparative user test (n = 54) in order to assess the impact of geolocation data on usability, exploration, and focus. A control group explored biodiversity in nature using the system in combination with embedded GNSS data, and an experimental group used an external module for RTK data. During the test, eye tracking data, geolocated traces, and in-app user-triggered events were recorded. Participants answered usability questionnaires (SUS, UEQ, HARUS).We found that the geolocation data the RTK group was exposed to was less accurate in average than that of the control group. The RTK group reported lower usability scores on all scales, of which 5 out of 9 were significant, indicating that inaccurate data negatively predicts usability. The GNSS group walked more than the RTK group, indicating a partial effect on exploration. We found no significant effect on interaction time with the screen, indicating no specific relation between data accuracy and focus. While RTK data did not allow us to better the usability of location-based AR interfaces, results allow us to assess our system's overall usability as excellent, and to define optimal operating conditions for future use with pupils.