Quantitative analysis of secondary Bjerkenes forces in various liquids

TL;DR

This paper numerically analyzes secondary Bjerkenes forces between bubbles in various liquids, emphasizing the roles of radiative and damping coefficients, and reveals force behaviors in superfluid helium.

Contribution

It provides a quantitative comparison of scattering absorption and scattering scattering forces across different bubble sizes and liquids, including superfluid helium.

Findings

Scattering absorption and scattering scattering forces are similar in magnitude.

For superfluid helium, forces oscillate and change direction.

Force ratios in superfluid helium are significantly less than one.

Abstract

Numerically calculating the interaction forces between two free bubbles under the action of a background of random acoustic radiation, we highlight the contributions of radiative coefficient and absorption damping coefficient to the size of these forces.It is quantitatively demonstrated, for different radii of the oscillating bubbles, that the scattering absorption forces and the scattering scattering forces are close in magnitude.For superfluid helium, the forces change direction, oscillatingly, and the ratio of the forces is much less than one.