Gauge-independent transition separating confinement and Higgs phases in lattice SU(2) gauge theory with a scalar field in the fundamental representation

TL;DR

This study introduces gauge-invariant operators in lattice SU(2) gauge theory with a scalar field, revealing a new transition line that separates confinement and Higgs phases without gauge fixing, challenging the traditional single-phase view.

Contribution

The paper demonstrates a gauge-independent method to detect a new phase transition in lattice SU(2) gauge theory using novel operators, distinguishing confinement and Higgs phases.

Findings

Reproduced the conventional confinement-Higgs transition line.

Discovered a new transition line at strong coupling separating confinement and Higgs phases.

Results obtained without any gauge fixing, ensuring gauge independence.

Abstract

According to the preceding studies, the lattice SU(2) gauge-scalar model with a single scalar field in the fundamental representation of the gauge group has a single confinement-Higgs phase where confinement and Higgs regions are subregions of an analytically continued single phase and there are no thermodynamic phase transitions, which is a well-known consequence of the Osterwalder-Seiler-Fradkin-Shenker theorem. In this paper, we show that we can define new types of gauge-invariant operators by combining the original fundamental scalar field and the so-called color-direction field which is obtained by change of field variables based on the gauge-covariant decomposition of the gauge field due to Cho-Duan-Ge-Shabanov and Faddeev-Niemi. By performing the numerical simulations on the lattice without any gauge fixing, we reproduce the conventional thermodynamic transition line in the weak gauge coupling, and moreover we find a new transition line detected by the new gauge-invariant operators which separates the confinement-Higgs phase into two parts, confinement phase and the Higgs phase, in the strong gauge coupling. All results are obtained in the gauge-independent way, since no gauge fixing has been imposed in the numerical simulations. Moreover, we discuss a physical interpretation for the new transition from the viewpoint of the realization of a global symmetry.