Observation of multiple steady states with engineered dissipation

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the simulation of many-body open quantum systems with engineered dissipation on a superconducting quantum processor, revealing multiple steady states and information retention, advancing practical quantum simulation methods.

Contribution

Introduces a hardware-efficient method to simulate open quantum systems with engineered noise, revealing multiple steady states and information preservation in a superconducting qubit platform.

Findings

Multiple steady states identified due to strong symmetry.

Steady states retain information from initial states.

Engineered dissipation enables practical open-system simulation.

Abstract

Simulating the dynamics of open quantum systems is essential in achieving practical quantum computation and understanding novel nonequilibrium behaviors. However, quantum simulation of a many-body system coupled to an engineered reservoir has yet to be fully explored in present-day experiment platforms. In this work, we introduce engineered noise into a one-dimensional ten-qubit superconducting quantum processor to emulate a generic many-body open quantum system. Our approach originates from the stochastic unravellings of the master equation. By measuring the end-to-end correlation, we identify multiple steady states stemmed from a strong symmetry, which is established on the modified Hamiltonian via Floquet engineering. Furthermore, we find that the information saved in the initial state maintains in the steady state driven by the continuous dissipation on a five-qubit chain. Our work provides a manageable and hardware-efficient strategy for the open-system quantum simulation.