Magneto-optical anisotropies of 2D antiferromagnetic MPX$_3$ from first principles

TL;DR

This study uses first-principles calculations to explore how spin orientation affects the electronic and optical properties of 2D antiferromagnetic MPX$_3$ materials, revealing spin-dependent excitonic and valley phenomena.

Contribution

It provides a detailed theoretical analysis of spin-direction effects on exciton binding energies, valley splitting, and optical responses in 2D MPX$_3$ antiferromagnets, highlighting new spin-valley coupling mechanisms.

Findings

Exciton binding energies up to 1.1 eV in MPS$_3$

Valley splitting depends on spin orientation

Distinct optical peaks for in-plane and out-of-plane spins

Abstract

Here we systematically investigate the impact of the spin direction on the electronic and optical properties of transition metal phosphorus trichalcogenides (MPX$_3$, M=Mn, Ni, Fe; X=S, Se) exhibiting various antiferromagnetic arrangement within the 2D limit. Our analysis based on the density functional theory and versatile formalism of Bethe-Salpeter equation reveals larger exciton binding energies for MPS$_3$ (up to 1.1 eV in air) than MPSe$_3$(up to 0.8 eV in air), exceeding the values of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). For the (Mn,Fe)PX$_3$ we determine the optically active band edge transitions, revealing that they are sensitive to in-plane magnetic order, irrespective of the type of chalcogen atom. We predict the anistropic effective masses and the type of linear polarization as an important fingerprints for sensing the type of magnetic AFM arrangements. Furthermore, we identify the spin-orientation-dependent features such as the valley splitting, the effective mass of holes, and the exciton binding energy. In particular, we demonstrate that for MnPX$_3$ (X=S, Se) a pair of non equivalent K+ and K- points exists yielding the valley splittings that strongly depend on the direction of AFM aligned spins. Notably, for the out-of-plane direction of spins, two distinct peaks are expected to be visible below the absorption onset, whereas one peak should emerge for the in-plane configuration of spins. These spin-dependent features provide an insight into spin flop transitions of 2D materials. Finally, we propose a strategy how the spin valley polarization can be realized in 2D AFM within honeycomb lattice.