Phenomenologies in hypersphere soliton and stringy photon models

TL;DR

This paper investigates hypersphere soliton and stringy photon models, deriving baryon and photon properties that align well with experimental data, and introduces a novel approach linking soliton and string theories.

Contribution

It develops a hypersphere soliton model with quantized baryon properties and formulates a stringy photon model to estimate photon energy and size, connecting soliton and string frameworks.

Findings

Baryon masses, magnetic moments, and axial coupling constants match experimental data.

Photon intrinsic frequency and size are predicted, with the size being about 21% of the proton magnetic radius.

Model-independent sum rules for magnetic moments are derived.

Abstract

We consider the Dirac quantization in the first class formalism to investigate the hypersphere soliton model (HSM) defined on the $S^{3}$ hypersphere. To do this, we construct the first class Hamiltonian possessing the Weyl ordering correction. In the HSM, we evaluate the baryon physical quantities such as the baryon masses, magnetic moments, axial coupling constant and charge radii, most predicted values of which are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data. Moreover, shuffling the baryon and transition magnetic moments, we find the model independent sum rules. In the HSM we also evaluate the baryon intrinsic frequencies such as $\omega_{N}=0.87\times 10^{23}~{\rm sec}^{-1}$ and $\omega_{\Delta}=1.74\times 10^{23}~{\rm sec}^{-1}$ of the nucleon and delta baryon, respectively, to yield the identity $\omega_{\Delta}=2\omega_{N}$. Next, making use of the Nambu-Goto string action and its extended rotating bosonic string theory, we formulate the stringy photon model to obtain the energy of the string configuration, which consists of the rotational and vibrational energies of the open string. Exploiting this total string energy we evaluate the photon intrinsic frequency $\omega_{\gamma}=9.00\times 10^{23}~{\rm sec}^{-1}$ which is comparable to the corresponding baryon intrinsic frequencies. We also predict the photon size $\langle r^{2}\rangle^{1/2}(\rm photon)=0.17~{\rm fm}$ which is approximately 21\% of the proton magnetic charge radius.