Links Between Optical and X-ray Light in Scorpius X-1

TL;DR

This study presents comprehensive simultaneous X-ray and optical observations of Sco X-1, revealing evidence of reprocessing in the accretion disk and correlations with the system's position on the Z track, enhancing understanding of its emission mechanisms.

Contribution

It provides the most detailed simultaneous X-ray/optical data set of Sco X-1 and develops a computational method to identify and analyze reprocessing signals and their relation to the Z track.

Findings

Detected nine positive, near-zero lag peaks indicating reprocessing.

Found a correlation between optical intensity and Z track position.

Identified a transition region in optical flux between accretion states.

Abstract

We observed the low-mass X-ray binary Sco X-1 for 12 nights simultaneously using the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer and the Otto Struve Telescope at McDonald Observatory at 1 second time resolution. This is among the most comprehensive simultaneous X-Ray/optical data sets of Sco X-1. Evidence of reprocessing was observed in the form of nine positive, near-zero lag peaks in the cross correlation function, eight of which were relatively small and took the shape of piecewise exponential functions. These peaks were initially identified by eye, after which a computational identification scheme was developed to confirm their significance. Based on their short lags (less than 4 seconds), as well as their occurrence on the flaring branch and soft apex, the small cross correlation features are likely to be caused by reprocessing off the outer disc, although the companion could still make a contribution to their tails. The Z track was parameterized using a rank number scheme so that the system's location on the track could be numerically defined. Plotting the results against the optical reveals an increasing step function when moving from the horizontal to the normal to the flaring branch, with differential optical levels at ~0.47, ~0.57, and ~1.1 respectively. An additional correlation between Z track location and the optical was found on the upper flaring branch. An optical intensity histogram reveals a transition region between the normal and flaring branches with only intermediate fluxes.