Tunable quantum criticality in multicomponent Rydberg arrays

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how multi-component Rydberg atom arrays can be tuned to explore and manipulate quantum criticality and chiral phase transitions, offering a new platform for studying complex quantum phase behavior.

Contribution

It introduces a multi-component Rydberg array model with tunable parameters that enable control over quantum critical properties and chiral transitions without breaking translation symmetry.

Findings

Detuning both components stabilizes the period-4 phase.

Relative Rabi frequency ratio tunes the Ashkin-Teller conformal point.

Multi-component arrays extend the accessible quantum critical regimes.

Abstract

Arrays of Rydberg atoms have appeared as a remarkably rich playground to study quantum phase transitions in one dimension. One of the biggest puzzles that was brought forward in this context are chiral phase transitions out of density waves. Theoretically predicted chiral transition out of period-four phase is still pending experimental verification mainly due to extremely short interval over which this transition is realized in a single-component Rydberg array. In this letter we show that multi-component Rydberg arrays with extra experimentally tunable parameters provide a mechanism to manipulate quantum critical properties without breaking translation symmetry explicitly. We consider an effective blockade model of two component Rydberg atoms. Weak and strong components obey nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor blockades correspondingly. When laser detuning is applied to either of the two components the system is in the period-3 and period-2 phases. But laser detuning applied to both components simultaneously stabilizes the period-4 phase partly bounded by the chiral transition. We show that relative ratio of the Rabi frequencies of the two components tunes the properties of the conformal Ashkin-Teller point and allows to manipulate an extent of the chiral transition. The prospects of multi-component Rydberg arrays in the context of critical fusion is briefly discussed.