Federated Semi-Supervised and Semi-Asynchronous Learning for Anomaly Detection in IoT Networks

TL;DR

This paper introduces FedS3A, a federated semi-supervised and semi-asynchronous learning framework for IoT anomaly detection, improving accuracy, efficiency, and reducing communication costs in heterogeneous, resource-constrained environments.

Contribution

It proposes a novel federated semi-supervised learning method with semi-asynchronous updates, staleness tolerance, and group-based aggregation to handle non-IID data and reduce communication costs.

Findings

Achieves over 98% detection accuracy on non-IID data.

Reduces communication cost by more than 50%.

Outperforms classic FL algorithms in detection performance and efficiency.

Abstract

Existing FL-based approaches are based on the unrealistic assumption that the data on the client-side is fully annotated with ground truths. Furthermore, it is a great challenge how to improve the training efficiency while ensuring the detection accuracy in the highly heterogeneous and resource-constrained IoT networks. Meanwhile, the communication cost between clients and the server is also a problem that can not be ignored. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a Federated Semi-Supervised and Semi-Asynchronous (FedS3A) learning for anomaly detection in IoT networks. First, we consider a more realistic assumption that labeled data is only available at the server, and pseudo-labeling is utilized to implement federated semi-supervised learning, in which a dynamic weight of supervised learning is exploited to balance the supervised learning at the server and unsupervised learning at clients. Then, we propose a semi-asynchronous model update and staleness tolerant distribution scheme to achieve a trade-off between the round efficiency and detection accuracy. Meanwhile, the staleness of local models and the participation frequency of clients are considered to adjust their contributions to the global model. In addition, a group-based aggregation function is proposed to deal with the non-IID distribution of the data. Finally, the difference transmission based on the sparse matrix is adopted to reduce the communication cost. Extensive experimental results show that FedS3A can achieve greater than 98% accuracy even when the data is non-IID and is superior to the classic FL-based algorithms in terms of both detection performance and round efficiency, achieving a win-win situation. Meanwhile, FedS3A successfully reduces the communication cost by higher than 50%.