Effect of Rydberg-atom-based sensor performance on different Rydberg atom population at one atomic-vapor cell

TL;DR

This study investigates how the size of a cesium vapor cell affects Rydberg-atom-based sensor performance, revealing proportional relationships between cell length, EIT signal, and sensitivity, with implications for quantum measurement applications.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive experimental and theoretical analysis of vapor cell size effects on Rydberg sensor performance, addressing limitations of previous assumptions.

Findings

EIT signal height scales with cell length

Sensor sensitivity increases with cell length up to a point

Theoretical models align with experimental results

Abstract

The atomic-vapor cell is a vital component for Rydberg atomic microwave sensors, and impacts on overall capability of Rydberg sensor. However, the conventional analysis approach on effect of vapor-cell length contains two implicit assumptions, that is, the same atomic population density and buffer gas pressure, which make it unable to accurately capture actual response about effect of Rydberg-atom-based sensor performance on different Rydberg atom population. Here, utilizing a stepped cesium atomic-vapor cell with five different dimensions at the same atomic population density and buffer gas pressure, the height and full width at half maximum of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency(EIT) signal, and the sensitivity of the atomic superheterodyne sensor are comprehensively investigated at the same Rabi frequences(saturated laser power) conditions. It is identified that EIT signal height is proportional to the cell length, full width at half maximum and sensitivity grow with the increment of cell length to a certain extent. Based on the coherent integration signal theory and atomic linear expansion coefficient method, theoretical analysis of the EIT height and sensitivity are further investigated. The results could shed new light on the understanding and design of ultrahigh-sensitivity Rydberg atomic microwave sensors and find promising applications in quantum measurement, communication, and imaging.