Label-free assaying of testosterone and growth hormones in blood using surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy

TL;DR

This study demonstrates the potential of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for rapid, label-free detection of testosterone and growth hormones in blood, offering a simpler alternative to traditional methods for doping control and clinical diagnostics.

Contribution

The paper introduces a novel application of SERS for detecting hormones in blood without labels, identifying specific spectral biomarkers for testosterone and growth hormone.

Findings

SERS can detect hormone-specific spectral bands in blood.

Biomarker bands identified at 684 cm-1 and 1614 cm-1 for GH.

Biomarker bands identified at 786 cm-1, 856 cm-1, and 1490 cm-1 for TE.

Abstract

This work reports the potential use of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in rapid, label-free assaying of testosterone (TE) and growth hormone (GH) in whole blood. Biomarker SERS spectral bands from the two hormones (TE and GH) in intentionally spiked water for injection and in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat blood are reported. Abuse of the two hormones (TE and GH) singly or simultaneously is widespread and not only has prolonged side effects such as hypertension and liver failure, but their illegal use by athletes is against clean competition. Currently used highly label-dependent doping detection methods involve complex and time-consuming procedures, rendering them unsuitable for rapid analysis. In blood, the most concentration-sensitive bands (in both TE and GH), as deduced through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), were around 684 cm-1 (assigned to C-C stretching) and 1614 cm-1 (assigned to C-C stretching) in GH; and 786 cm-1 (assigned to N-H wagging), 856 cm-1 (assigned to C-C stretching), and 1490 cm-1 (assigned to CH2 bending) in TE. In addition, a characteristic variance was noted in the bands around 1510 cm-1 (attributable to CH2 stretching) in GH and 1636 cm-1 (C-C stretching) in TE, which could be used as biomarker bands for the respective hormones in the blood. This work has shown the capability of SERS for potential hormone concentration level determination when concentration-sensitive or biomarker bands are employed. This discovery opens new possibilities for the use of SERS in fields such as sports science, clinical diagnostics, and biomedical research.